习近平同美国总统拜登在利马举行会晤

当地时间11月16日下午，国家主席习近平在利马同美国总统拜登举行会晤。新华社记者 李学仁 摄

新华社利马11月16日电（记者韩墨　杨依军）当地时间11月16日下午，国家主席习近平在利马同美国总统拜登举行会晤。

习近平指出，过去4年，中美关系虽然历经跌宕起伏，但也开展了对话和合作，总体实现了稳定。我们指导双方团队通过磋商确定了中美关系的一些指导原则，共同推动两国对话和合作重回正轨，恢复和新建了20多个沟通机制，在外交、安全、经贸、财政、金融、军队、禁毒、执法、农业、气候变化、人文等领域取得了积极成果。

过去4年的经验值得总结、启示需要记取，我认为至少有以下几条。

一是要有正确的战略认知。“修昔底德陷阱”不是历史的宿命，“新冷战”打不得也打不赢，对华遏制不明智、不可取，更不会得逞。

二是要言必信、行必果。人无信不立。中方都是说到做到，但如果美方总是说一套、做一套，对美国的形象很不利，也损害双方互信。

三是要平等相待。中美两个大国交往，任何一方都不能按照自己的意愿改造对方，也不能从所谓“实力地位”出发压制对方，更不能为保持本国的领先地位而剥夺对方正当发展权利。

四是不能挑战红线、底线。中美是两个大国，难免有些矛盾分歧，但不能损害彼此核心利益，更不能搞冲突对抗。一个中国原则和中美三个联合公报是双边关系的政治基础，必须恪守。台湾问题、民主人权、道路制度、发展权利是中方的4条红线，不容挑战。这些是中美关系最重要的防护栏和安全网。

五是要多搞对话和合作。在当前形势下，中美两国共同利益不是减少了，而是更多了。不管是在经贸、农业、禁毒、执法、公共卫生等领域，还是面对气候变化、人工智能等全球性挑战，以及在国际热点问题上，都需要中美合作。中美双方应该拉长合作清单，做大合作蛋糕，实现合作共赢。

六是要回应人民期待。发展中美关系应该始终着眼两国人民福祉，汇聚两国人民力量。中美双方要为两国人员往来和人文交流架桥铺路，也要排除干扰和障碍，不要人为制造“寒蝉效应”。

七是要展现大国担当。中美两国应该时刻考量人类前途命运，为世界和平担当，为全球提供公共产品，为世界团结发挥积极作用，包括开展良性互动、不搞相互消耗、不胁迫别国选边站队。

习近平强调，中美关系的发展历程，印证了中美建交45年来的经验和启示。如果两国做伙伴，求同存异，中美关系就能够取得长足发展。如果把对方当对手，恶性竞争，中美关系就会遭遇波折甚至倒退。当今世界动荡不安、冲突频发，人类面临前所未有的挑战。大国竞争不应是时代底色，团结协作才能共克时艰。“脱钩断链”不是解决之道，互利合作才能共同发展。“小院高墙”不是大国作为，开放共享才能造福人类。中美关系稳定发展既关乎两国人民，也关乎人类前途命运。中美要继续探寻两个大国正确相处之道，实现中美两国在这个星球上长期和平共存，多为世界注入确定性、提供正能量。

习近平强调，中方致力于中美关系稳定、健康、可持续发展的目标没有变，按照相互尊重、和平共处、合作共赢处理中美关系的原则没有变，坚定维护自身主权、安全、发展利益的立场没有变，赓续中美人民传统友谊的愿望没有变。中方愿同美方继续保持对话、拓展合作、管控分歧，延续中美关系来之不易的企稳势头。

习近平就台湾、经贸科技、网络安全、南海、乌克兰危机和朝鲜半岛等问题阐明中方立场。

习近平强调，“台独”分裂行径同台海和平稳定水火不容。美方想要维护台海和平，关键是要认清赖清德和民进党当局的“台独”本性，慎之又慎处理台湾问题，明确反对“台独”，支持中国和平统一。

中国人民的发展权利不可剥夺、不容无视。各国都有维护国家安全的需要，不能泛化国家安全概念，更不能以此为借口对别国恶意设限打压。

所谓中国实施网络攻击，既没有证据，也没有道理。中方本身是国际网络攻击的受害者，一贯反对并打击任何形式的网络攻击。

中方坚决维护南海领土主权和海洋权益。当事方对话协商始终是管控南海争议的最佳方式。美国不应介入有关南沙岛礁的双边争议，不应纵容和支持挑衅冲动。

中方在乌克兰问题上的立场和作为始终光明磊落，就是穿梭斡旋、劝和促谈，为和平而奔走，为推动局势降温而努力。中方不会允许朝鲜半岛生战生乱，不会坐视中国的战略安全和核心利益受到威胁。

当地时间11月16日下午，国家主席习近平在利马同美国总统拜登举行会晤。新华社记者 丁林 摄

拜登表示，美中关系作为世界上最重要的双边关系，不仅事关两国人民，也事关世界的未来。确保美中竞争不演变为冲突，这是美中两国政府对于两国人民和世界肩负的责任。过去4年，美中双方共同努力恢复和新建了一些对话和沟通渠道，包括双方外交和安全团队保持经常性战略沟通，开展坦诚深入对话，为增进双方相互了解发挥有益作用。特别是我们一年前在旧金山会晤以来，双方在军事、禁毒、执法、人工智能、气候变化、人文交流等方面取得实实在在的成果。美中双方相互支持对方主办2026年亚太经合组织领导人非正式会议和二十国集团领导人峰会，展示了美中合作可以给人民带来的福祉。美国不寻求“新冷战”，不寻求改变中国体制，不寻求通过强化同盟关系反对中国，不支持“台湾独立”，不寻求同中国发生冲突，不会利用台湾问题同中国竞争。美方也将继续奉行一个中国政策。美方愿在过渡期同中方加强沟通对话，增进彼此相互认知，负责任地管控分歧。

两国元首重申双方就中美关系指导原则达成的7点共识，即相互尊重、和平共处、保持沟通、防止冲突、恪守《联合国宪章》、在有共同利益的领域开展合作、负责任管控双边关系中的竞争因素。双方愿秉持这些原则，继续稳定中美关系，实现平稳过渡。

两国元首积极评价中美战略沟通、外交安全团队经常性接触、两军、经贸、金融等领域对话机制的重要作用，同意继续保持沟通势头，加强宏观经济政策协调。两国元首回顾了旧金山会晤以来禁毒、气候变化、人工智能、人文交流等领域对话合作取得的积极进展。

两国元首认为，双方就人工智能治理进行了坦诚和建设性对话，在联合国大会相互联署各自关于人工智能的决议，确认有必要加强国际合作，促进人工智能向善普惠，应维持由人类控制核武器使用的决定。

两国元首都认为，这次会晤坦诚深入，是建设性的，愿继续保持沟通联系。

蔡奇、王毅等参加会见。

Xi meets Biden in Lima

Chinese President Xi Jinping meets with U.S. President Joe Biden in Lima, Peru, Nov. 16, 2024. (Xinhua/Li Xueren)

LIMA, Nov. 16 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Xi Jinping on Saturday met with U.S. President Joe Biden on the sidelines of the 31st APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting in Lima, Peru.

Xi told Biden that over the past four years, China-U.S. relations have gone through ups and downs, but the two sides have also been engaged in dialogue and cooperation, adding the relationship has remained stable on the whole.

Under the stewardship of the two presidents, the two teams have worked out through consultations a number of guiding principles for China-U.S. relations, and the two presidents have jointly brought China-U.S. dialogue and cooperation back on track, Xi said.

More than 20 communication mechanisms have been restarted or established, and positive achievements have been made in such areas as diplomacy, security, economy, trade, fiscal affairs, finance, military, counternarcotics, law enforcement, agriculture, climate change, and people-to-people exchange, he said.

Xi stressed that it is worthwhile to review the experiences of the past four years and draw inspirations from them. He listed the following:

First, it is important to have a correct strategic perception. The Thucydides Trap is not a historical inevitability. A new Cold War should not be fought and cannot be won. Containing China is unwise, unacceptable and bound to fail.

Second, it is important to match words with actions. A man cannot establish himself without credibility. China has always honored its words. If the U.S. side always says one thing but does another, it will be detrimental to its own image, and undermine trust between China and the United States.

Third, it is important to treat each other as equals. As two major countries, neither China nor the United States should seek to remodel the other according to one's own will, suppress the other from the so-called "position of strength," or deprive the other of the legitimate right to development so as to maintain its leading status.

Fourth, it is important not to challenge red lines and paramount principles. Contradictions and differences between two major countries like China and the United States are unavoidable. But one side should not undermine the core interests of the other, let alone seek conflict or confrontation. The one-China principle and the three China-U.S. joint communiques are the political foundation of China-U.S. relations. They must be observed. The Taiwan question, democracy and human rights, China's path and system, and China's development right are four red lines for China. They must not be challenged. These are the most important guardrails and safety nets for China-U.S. relations.

Fifth, it is important to conduct more dialogue and cooperation. Under the current circumstances, common interests between China and the United States are expanding rather than shrinking. Their cooperation is crucial not only for the economy, trade, agriculture, counternarcotics, law enforcement and public health, but also for handling global challenges of climate change and artificial intelligence (AI) as well as addressing international hotspot issues. The two sides should expand the list of cooperation and make a bigger pie of cooperation to achieve a win-win result.

Sixth, it is important to respond to the expectations of the people. China-U.S. relations should always advance the well-being of the two peoples and bring them closer together. To facilitate personnel and cultural exchange, the two sides need to build bridges and roads, remove distractions and obstacles, and refrain from making any moves that have a chilling effect.

Seventh, it is important to step forward to shoulder the responsibilities of major countries. China and the United States should always keep in mind humanity's future and their responsibilities for world peace, provide public good for the world, and act in a way conducive to global unity, including carrying out constructive interactions, refraining from mutual attrition, and not coercing other countries into taking sides.

Noting that the trajectory of China-U.S. relations has proved the validity of these experiences and inspirations from the past 45 years of diplomatic ties, Xi said when the two countries treat each other as partners and seek common ground while shelving differences, their relationship will make considerable progress.

But if they regard each other as rivals and pursue vicious competition, they will roil the relationship or even set it back, Xi warned.

Noting that humanity is faced with unprecedented challenges in this turbulent world suffering from frequent conflicts, Xi said major-country competition should not be the underlying logic of the times; only solidarity and cooperation can help humanity overcome current difficulties.

He said neither decoupling nor supply-chain disruption is the solution; common development can only be achieved through mutually beneficial cooperation.

He also said "small yard, high fences" is not what a major country should do; only openness and sharing can advance the well-being of humanity.

A stable China-U.S. relationship is critical not only to the interests of the two peoples, but also to the future and destiny of the entire humanity, Xi said, adding China and the United States should keep exploring the right way for two major countries to get along well with each other, realize long-term, peaceful coexistence on this planet, and inject more certainty and positive energy into the world.

Xi stressed that China's goal of a stable, healthy and sustainable China-U.S. relationship remains unchanged; its commitment to mutual respect, peaceful coexistence and win-win cooperation as principles for handling China-U.S. relations remains unchanged; its position of resolutely safeguarding China's sovereignty, security and development interests remains unchanged; and its desire to carry forward the traditional friendship between the Chinese and American peoples remains unchanged.

China is ready to engage in dialogue, expand cooperation, and manage differences with the United States so as to sustain the hard-won momentum toward stability in China-U.S. relations, he said.

Xi also stated China's positions on such issues as Taiwan, economic and trade ties, science and technology, cybersecurity, the South China Sea, the Ukraine crisis, and the Korean Peninsula.

He stressed that cross-Strait peace and stability and "Taiwan independence" separatist activities are as irreconcilable as water and fire. If the U.S. side cares about maintaining peace across the Taiwan Strait, it is crucial that it sees clearly the true nature of Lai Ching-te and the Democratic Progressive Party authorities in seeking "Taiwan independence," handles the Taiwan question with extra prudence, unequivocally opposes "Taiwan independence," and supports China's peaceful reunification, said Xi.

The Chinese people's right to development is not to be deprived of or ignored, Xi noted, saying that while all countries need to safeguard their national security, they should not overstretch the national security concept, still less use it as a pretext for malicious moves to constrain and contain other countries.

There is no evidence that supports the irrational claim of the so-called "cyberattacks from China," said Xi, stressing that China itself is a target of international cyberattacks, and consistently opposes and combats all forms of cyberattacks.

China firmly upholds its territory, sovereignty, and maritime rights and interests in the South China Sea, said Xi. Dialogue and consultation between the states concerned is always the best way to manage differences in the South China Sea, and the United States should not get involved in bilateral disputes over the relevant islands and reefs of Nansha Qundao, nor should it aid or abet the impulsion to make provocations, he added.

Xi stressed that China's position and actions on the Ukraine issue have always been fair and square. China conducts shuttle diplomacy and mediation to promote peace talks, makes every effort for peace, and strives for de-escalation.

China does not allow conflict and turmoil to happen on the Korean Peninsula, he said, noting the country will not sit idly by when its strategic security and core interests are under threat.

For his part, Biden stated that the U.S.-China relationship is the most important bilateral relationship in the world, not just for the two peoples, but also for the future of the world. The two governments have a responsibility to the two peoples and the world to see that competition does not veer into conflict.

In the past four years, the two sides worked together to rebuild or establish channels of communication, as the two diplomatic and security teams have often had strategic communications and candid and in-depth dialogue, which helped the two sides to better understand each other, he said.

Particularly since his meeting with Xi in San Francisco a year ago, the two sides have made tangible progress on mil-to-mil relations, counternarcotics, law enforcement, AI, climate change and people-to-people exchange, said Biden.

The two sides support each other's bid for hosting the APEC and G20 meetings respectively in 2026, demonstrating what we can do for the two peoples when we work together, he said.

The United States does not seek a new Cold War, does not seek to change China's system, does not seek to revitalize its alliances against China, does not support "Taiwan independence," has no intention to have a conflict with China, and does not see its Taiwan policy as a way to compete with China, said Biden, noting that the U.S. side will stay committed to the one-China policy.

The United States is prepared to enhance communication and dialogue with China during the transition period to have a better perception of each other and responsibly manage the differences, said Biden.

The two presidents reiterated the seven-point common understandings on the guiding principles for China-U.S. relations, namely treating each other with respect, finding a way to live alongside each other peacefully, maintaining open lines of communication, preventing conflict, upholding the United Nations Charter, cooperating in areas of shared interest, and responsibly managing competitive aspects of the relationship.

The two sides expressed readiness to uphold these principles, continue to stabilize China-U.S. relations, and ensure a smooth transition of the relationship.

The two heads of state spoke positively about the important role of China-U.S. strategic communication, regular contact between the diplomatic and security teams, and dialogue mechanisms on mil-to-mil relations, economic and trade ties, and financial issues. They agreed to maintain the momentum in communication and strengthen macroeconomic policy coordination.

The two presidents reviewed the important progress in dialogue and cooperation on counternarcotics, climate change, AI, and people-to-people exchanges since their San Francisco meeting.

The two presidents believed that the two sides have had candid and constructive dialogue on AI. The two sides co-sponsored each other's resolutions at the UN General Assembly on AI. They also affirmed the need to enhance international cooperation and promote AI for good and for all. They stressed the need to maintain human control over the decision to use nuclear weapons.

The two heads of state agreed that their meeting had been candid, profound, and constructive, expressing their willingness to stay in contact. ■

Chinese President Xi Jinping meets with U.S. President Joe Biden in Lima, Peru, Nov. 16, 2024. (Xinhua/Ding Lin)